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Wife Can’t Claim Maintenance From In Laws When She Is Capable Of Maintaining Herself: High Court Of Chhattisgarh

Title: Dhanna Sahu v Smt. Sitabai Sahu

Citation: 2023:CGHC:28158-DB

Coram: Justice Shri Goutam Bhaduri & Justice Shri Deepak Kumar Tiwari

Decided On: 08/11/2023

Introduction:

The present Appeal is against the judgment dated 8.2.2023 passed by the Judge, Family Court, Bemetara in Civil MJC No.5/2022 wherein the application filed by the daughter-in-law against her father-in-law claiming maintenance was allowed and an amount of Rs.1500/- was directed to be paid. The father-in-law is in Appeal before this Court.

Facts:

Sitabai Sahu is the daughter-in- law of the appellant. She was married to Virendra Sahu, son of the appellant and 2 children were born. Said Virendra Sahu died in harness on 28.8.2021. Thereafter dispute arose in between the parties and the children were kept in the custody of the father-in-law i.e. the appellant. It was stated that the appellant has affluent means. He has 6 acres of land. Apart from that, he was in the avocation of doctorship, whereas the daughter-in-law was unable to maintain herself. Stating various grounds, maintenance was claimed.

The father-in-law opposed the application for maintenance and stated that his daughter-in-law has sufficient means to survive. However, no document has been placed before the Court to show that she is unable to maintain herself from the estate of her husband or father or mother. The learned family Court after evaluating the material placed before it has directed to pay an amount of Rs.1500/- as maintenance to the daughter- in-law.

Daughter-in-law has filed the application prior to this litigation for custody of the children wherein she has deposed that she has enough earning and would be able to maintain her children, apart from the property. Bare reading of the statement would show that the order itself is bad and no justification can be attached to it.

Learned counsel for the respondent opposes the said argument on submission that the statement made in the prior proceeding cannot be agitated time and again in the subsequent proceeding and position of the parties is to be evaluated in the subsequent adjudication and as such, the findings arrived at by the family Court are well merited, which do not call for any interference.

Court’s Analysis and Judgement:

In her statement, she has stated that she wants to keep the children with her, as she is doing the private job and she has sufficient income and her parental part i.e. father and mother have also sufficient means. This statement when was confronted in the cross-examination of the respondent, she admitted to have made such statement in a proceeding under Section 25 of the Act, while the proceeding was drawn before the family Court for custody of the children. She has stated that she was working in a private company and was earning enough and mother and father were also financially well.

Therefore, the statement itself made by the respondent cut across the requirement which is mandatory under Section 19 of the Act of 1956. There is no answer to the aforesaid issue as to under what circumstances, the statement was made in a judicial proceeding in earlier round of litigation and the statement having been confronted and admitted by the appellant would hold the field to adjudicate the issue. Hence the order dated 8.2.2023 was set aside by the court.

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Written by- Sushant Kumar Sharma

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An agreement to sell does not convey ownership rights or confer title: Supreme Court

Title: Munishamappa v. M. Rama Reddy & Ors.

Citation: CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10327 OF 2011 

Decided on: 02.11.2023

Coram: Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Rajesh Bindal

Introduction

The Supreme Court reaffirmed that an agreement to sell does not transfer ownership rights or grant any title. The bench, consisting of Justices Vikram Nath and Rajesh Bindal, emphasized that an agreement to sell is not a conveyance, and it does not transfer ownership rights or grant any title. Consequently, the bench concluded that the Karnataka Prevention of Fragmentation and Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1966, did not prohibit the agreement to sell in question.

Facts of the case

The civil appeal, initiated in 2011 at the Supreme Court, centered around an agreement to sell executed in 1990. The agreement was made with the expectation that the Fragmentation Act, which was eventually repealed in 1991, would no longer be in effect. Subsequently, when there was a refusal to execute the sale, the defendants filed a suit seeking specific performance of the contract. Although the trial court rejected the suit, the first appellate court ruled in its favor. In the second appeal, the High Court overturned the judgment of the first appellate court, dismissing the suit. The High Court held that the agreement was prohibited under the Fragmentation Act.

Court’s observation and analysis

The Supreme Court observed that Section 5 of the Fragmentation Act specifically prohibits the lease, sale, conveyance, or transfer of rights. Given that an agreement to sell does not establish any rights on the land, the Court concluded that it cannot be restricted by the Act. Additionally, the Court highlighted that the suit was filed subsequent to the repeal of the Fragmentation Act, and therefore, the appeal was allowed. It is pertinent to mention that Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act explicitly states that a Contract for Sale, by itself, does not generate any interest or charge on the property.

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Written by- Amrita Rout

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Denying bail cannot be based solely on the severity of allegations, there must be a prima facie case to support such a decision: Punjab & Haryana High Court

Title: Gursewak Singh v. State of Punjab

Citation: CRA-D No.454 of 2021 (O&M) 

Decided on: 09.11.2023

Coram: Justice Ritu Bahri and Justice Manisha Batra 

Introduction

The Punjab & Haryana High Court has approved bail for an accused charged under the stringent Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA). The court stated that there was insufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case against the accused, who was alleged to be involved in planning terrorist activities in connection with Pakistan. The bench, consisting of Acting Chief Justice Ritu Bahri and Justice Manisha Batra, emphasized that, based on the presented allegations, there is no apparent basis to presume a conspiracy between the appellant and the co-accused to form a terrorist group and carry out actions against the nation’s interests.

Facts of the case

The court considered the bail petition of Gursewak Singh, who faced an FIR in 2020 under various sections including 379-B, 382, 399, 402, 411, 467, 468, 472, 473 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Sections 15, 16, 17, 18, 18B of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), and Section 25, subsections 6, 7, and 8 of the Arms Act, along with Section 52/54 of the Prisons Act. The accusation suggested that Singh was part of a group planning terrorist activities in different parts of the country. Additionally, it was claimed that, based on the co-accused’s disclosure statement, the appellant and others had committed a robbery, stealing 30 kg of gold from the IIFL Gold Loan Branch in Ludhiana.

Court’s observation and analysis

After considering the arguments, the Court observed that, in accordance with Section 45 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), no court can acknowledge offences falling under Chapter IV without prior sanction from the Central or State Government, as applicable. In this case, the required prosecution sanction for the appellant and co-accused was not granted by the competent authority until the challan presentation, and it was subsequently provided and filed in court along with a supplementary challan report. Consequently, the court questioned whether it had the jurisdiction to take cognizance of offenses under Sections 16, 17, 18, and 18B of the UAP Act before the sanction was granted under Section 45 of the UAP Act.

The bench also observed that Singh’s involvement in anti-national activities was not specifically detailed, and, based on the allegations against him, there was no prima facie case demonstrating a conspiracy between the appellant and co-accused to form a terrorist gang or commit acts against the nation’s interests.

While acknowledging the stringent provisions of the UAP Act, the Court emphasized that the severity of allegations alone is not sufficient grounds to deny bail. Considering the appellant’s approximately three-and-a-half years in custody and the anticipated duration of the trial, the Court granted relief.

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Written by- Amrita Rout

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Time is required to evolve the blueprints for fresh passports regarding the individuals who are sex change abroad – MEA to Delhi High court

W.P.(C) 11173/2023 & CM APPL. 43433/2023

Case title: ANAHITA CHAUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ANR.

CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD

Appearance:

Petitioner: Ms. Arundhati Katju, Mr. Govind Manoharan, Ms. Shristi Borthakur, Ms. Ritika, Ms. Samiksha Godiyal, and Mr. Nishchaiy Sharma

Respondent: Mr. Farman Ali, SPC with Ms. Usha Jamnal and Mr. Krishan Kumar

Order dated: 07.11.2023

Introduction

The High Court of Delhi has stated by the Ministry of external affairs that a decent amount of time is required to examine the suggestion for developing the new policy for issuing a new passport for citizens who undergo sex change-related medical procedures abroad in dept so that their identites as the biometrics do not change after such kind of surgeries.

Facts of the case

The Petitioner has approached this Court re-issuance of a passport. Even though the passport has been issued and the matter has become infructuous, this Court had directed the learned Counsel for the Respondent to evolve a policy by which persons who undergo operations for change of sex outside the country are able to get a fresh passport in their new identity without facing difficulties.

The court was enlightened that a fresh passport may be issued to such a person upon furnishing prescribed documents and receipt of a clear police report,

The submissions were made in a letter of the MEA in a petition moved by a transgender woman, Anahita Chaudhary, seeking the re-issuance of a passport.

 

Analysis of the court

Even though the passport had been issued to Chaudhary and the matter had become infructuous, the court had directed the Union Government to evolve a policy by which persons who undergo operations for sex change outside the country can get a fresh passport in their new identity without facing difficulties.

The aforesaid matter is listed on 19.12.2023, to await further progress in the matter.

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Written by

Kaulav Roy Chowdhury

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Time is required to evolve the blueprints for fresh passports regarding the individuals who are sex change abroad – MEA to Delhi High court

W.P.(C) 11173/2023 & CM APPL. 43433/2023

Case title: ANAHITA CHAUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ANR.

CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD

Appearance:

Petitioner: Ms. Arundhati Katju, Mr. Govind Manoharan, Ms. Shristi Borthakur, Ms. Ritika, Ms. Samiksha Godiyal, and Mr. Nishchaiy Sharma

Respondent: Mr. Farman Ali, SPC with Ms. Usha Jamnal and Mr. Krishan Kumar

Order dated: 07.11.2023

Introduction

The High Court of Delhi has stated by the Ministry of External Affairs that a decent amount of time is required to examine the suggestion for developing the new policy for issuing a new passport for citizens who undergo sex change-related medical procedures abroad in dept so that their identites as the biometrics do not change after such kind of surgeries.

Facts of the case

The Petitioner has approached this Court re-issuance of a passport. Even though the passport has been issued and the matter has become infructuous, this Court had directed the learned Counsel for the Respondent to evolve a policy by which persons who undergo operations for change of sex outside the country are able to get a fresh passport in their new identity without facing difficulties.

The court was enlightened that a fresh passport may be issued to such a person upon furnishing prescribed documents and receipt of a clear police report,

The submissions were made in a letter of the MEA in a petition moved by a transgender woman, Anahita Chaudhary, seeking the re-issuance of a passport.

 

Analysis of the court

Even though the passport had been issued to Chaudhary and the matter had become infructuous, the court had directed the Union Government to evolve a policy by which persons who undergo operations for sex change outside the country can get a fresh passport in their new identity without facing difficulties.

The aforesaid matter is listed on 19.12.2023, to await further progress in the matter.

“PRIME LEGAL is a full-service law firm that has won a National Award and has more than 20 years of experience in an array of sectors and practice areas. Prime legal falls into the category of best law firm, best lawyer, best family lawyer, best divorce lawyer, best divorce law firm, best criminal lawyer, best criminal law firm, best consumer lawyer, best civil lawyer.”

Written by

Kaulav Roy Chowdhury

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